JANUARY 31

 

The Covenant Broken and Renewed

it has been only a brief time since the Israelites enthusiastically accepted the terms of God's covenant and vowed obedience to his laws. Yet their commitment was apparently more a matter of emotion than of sincere dedication, for with Moses gone up into the mountain only a month, the peo­ple ask Aaron to give them a tangible god to worship—an idol. God, of course, has specifically forbidden such worship. Nevertheless Aaron is persuaded and builds a golden calf, which the Israelites worship. God's response is one of anger, and Moses must intercede on behalf of the people. Moses' own reaction is also one of anger, as is witnessed by his responses to this disheartening turn of events. Yet God is forgiving and, with firm repetition of his laws, he agrees to renew the covenant.

 

AARON MAKES GOLDEN CALF Ex.32.1-6.  

When the people saw that Moses so long in coming down from the mountain, they gathered around Aaron and said, "Come, make us gods who will go before us. As for this fellow Moses who brought us up out of Egypt, we don't know what has hap­pened to him."

Aaron answered them, "Take off the gold earrings that your wives, your sons and your daughters are wearing, and bring them to me." So all the people took off their earrings and brought them to Aaron. He took what they handed him and made it into an idol cast in the shape of a calf, fash­ioning it with a tool. Then they said, "These are your gods,O Israel, who brought you up out of Egypt."

When Aaron saw this, he built an altar in front of the calf and an­nounced, "Tomorrow there will be a festival to the lord." So the next day the people rose early and sacrificed burnt offerings and presented fellow­ship offerings.? Afterward they sat down to eat and drink and got up to indulge in revelry.

 

GOD EXPRESSES ANGER ex. 32-.7-10.

Then the lord said to Moses, "Go down, because your people, whom you brought up out of Egypt, have become corrupt. They have been quick to turn away from what I commanded them and have made themselves an idol cast in the shape of a calf. They have bowed down to it and sacrificed to it and have said, 'These are your gods, O Israel, who brought you up out of Egypt.'

"I have seen these people," the lord said to Moses, "and they are a stiff-necked people. Now leave me alone so that my anger may burn against them and that I may destroy them. Then I will make you into a great nation."

 

MOSES INTERCEDES. Ex.32:11-14

But Moses sought the favor of the lord his God. "O lord," he said, "why should your anger burn against your people, whom you brought out of Egypt with great power and a mighty hand? Why should the Egyptians say, 'It was with evil intent that he brought them out, to kill them in the mountains and to wipe them off the face of the earth'? Turn from your fierce anger; relent and do not bring disaster on your people. Remember your servants Abraham, Isaac and Israel, to whom you swore by your own self: 'I will make your descendants as numerous as the stars in the sky and I will give your descendants all this land I prom­ised them, and it will be their inheritance forever.'" Then the lord relented and did not bring on his people the disaster he had threatened.

 

CALF DESTROYED; TABLETS BROKEN. Ex.32:15-20

Moses turned and went down the mountain with the two tablets of the Testimony in his hands. They were inscribed on both sides, front and back. The tablets were the work of God; the writing was the writing of God, engraved on the tablets.

When Joshua heard the noise of the people shouting, he said to Moses, "There is the sound of war in the camp."

Moses replied:

"It is not the sound of victory, it is not the sound of defeat; it is the sound of singing that I hear."

When Moses approached the camp and saw the calf and the dancing, his anger burned and he threw the tablets out of his hands, breaking them

to pieces at the foot of the mountain. And he took the calf they had made and burned it in the fire; then he ground it to powder, scattered it on the water and made the Israelites drink it.

 

AARON DENIES RESPONSIBILITY.  Ex.32:21-24

He said to Aaron, "What did these people do to you, that you led them into such great sin?"

"Do not be angry, my lord," Aaron answered. "You know how prone these people are to evil. They said to me, 'Make us gods who will go before us. As for this fellow Moses who brought us up out of Egypt, we don't know what has happened to him.' So I told them, 'Whoever has any gold jewelry, take it off.' Then they gave me the gold, and I threw it into the fire, and out came this calf!"

 

EXECUTIONS BY LEVITES. Ex. 32:25-29

Moses saw that the people were running wild and that Aaron had let them get out of control and so become a laughing­stock to their enemies. So he stood at the entrance to the camp and said, "Whoever is for the lord, come to me." And all the Levites rallied to him. Then he said to them, "This is what the lord, the God of Israel, says: 'Each man strap a sword to his side. Go back and forth through the camp from one end to the other, each killing his brother and friend and neigh­bor.' " The Levites did as Moses commanded, and that day about three thousand of the people died. Then Moses said, "You have been set apart to the lord today, for you were against your own sons and brothers, and he has blessed you this day."

 

MOSES INTERCEDES AGAIN. Ex.32:30-35

The next day Moses said to the people, "You have committed a great sin. But now I will go up to the lord; per­haps I can make atonement for your sin."

So Moses went back to the lord and said, "Oh, what a great sin these people have committed! They have made themselves gods of gold. But now, please forgive their sin—but if not, then blot me out of the book you have written."

The lord replied to Moses, "Whoever has sinned against me I will blot out of my book. Now go, lead the people to the place I spoke of, and my angel will go before you. However, when the time comes for me to pun­ish, I will punish them for their sin."

And the lord struck the people with a plague because of what they did with the calf Aaron had made.

 

GOD MANIFESTS DISPLEASURE. Ex. 33:1-3

Then the lord said to Moses, "Leave this place, you and the people you brought up out of Egypt, and go up to the land I promised on oath to Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, saying, T will give it to your descendants.' I will send an angel before you and drive out the Canaanites, Amorites, Hittites, Perizzites, Hivites and Jebusites. Go up to the land flowing with milk and honey. But I will not go with you, because you are a stiff-necked people and I might destroy you on the way."

 

ORNAMENTS REMOVED. Ex. 33:4-6

When the people heard these distressing words, they began to mourn and no one put on any ornaments. For the lord had said to Moses, "Tell the Israelites, 'You are a stiff-necked people. If I were to go with you even for a moment, I might destroy you. Now take off your ornaments and I will decide what to do with you.'" So the Israelites stripped off their ornaments at Mount Horeb.

 

THE TENT OF MEETING. ex. 33:7-11     

Now Moses used to take a tent and pitch it outside the camp some distance away, calling it the "tent of meeting." Anyone inquiring of the lord would go to the tent of meeting outside the camp. And whenever Moses went out to the tent, all the people rose and stood at the entrances to their tents, watching Moses until he entered the tent. As Moses went into the tent, the pillar of cloud would come down and stay at the entrance, while the lord spoke with Moses. Whenever the people saw the pillar of cloud standing at the entrance to the tent, they all stood and worshiped, each at the entrance to his tent. The lord would speak to Moses face to face, as a man speaks with his friend. Then Moses would return to the camp, but his young aide Joshua son of Nun did not leave the tent.

 

GOD PROMISES PRESENCE. Ex. 33:12-16

Moses said to the lord, "You have been telling me, 'Lead these people/ but you have not let me know whom you will send with me. You have said, 'I know you by name and you have found favor with me.' If you are pleased with me, teach me your ways so I may know you and continue to find favor with you. Remember that this nation is your people."

The lord replied, "My Presence will go with you, and I will give you rest."

Then Moses said to him, "If your Presence does not go with us, do not send us up from here. How will anyone know that you are pleased with me and with your people unless you go with us? What else will distinguish me and your people from all the other people on the face of the earth?"

 

MOSES SEES GOD'S GLORY. Ex.33:17-23

 And the lord said to Moses, "I will do the very thing you have asked, because I am pleased with you and I know you by name."

Then Moses said, "Now show me your glory."

And the lord said, "I will cause all my goodness to pass in front of you, and I will proclaim my name, the lord, in your presence. I will have mercy on whom I will have mercy, and I will have compassion on whom I will have compassion. But," he said, "you cannot see my face, for no one may see me and live."

Then the lord said, "There is a place near me where you may stand on a rock. When my glory passes by, I will put you in a cleft in the rock and cover you with my hand until I have passed by. Then I will remove my hand and you will see my back; but my face must not be seen."

 

GOD REVEALS CHARACTER. ex. 34:1-7

 The lord said to Moses, "Chisel out two stone tablets like the first ones, and I will write on them the words that were on the first tablets, which you broke. Be ready in the morning, and then come up on Mount Sinai. Present yourself to me there on top of the mountain. No one is to come with you or be seen anywhere on the moun­tain; not even the flocks and herds may graze in front of the mountain."

So Moses chiseled out two stone tablets like the first ones and went up Mount Sinai early in the morning, as the lord had commanded him; and he carried the two stone tablets in his hands. Then the lord came down in the cloud and stood there with him and proclaimed his name, the lord. And he passed in front of Moses, proclaiming, "The lord, the lord, the compassionate and gracious God, slow to anger, abounding in love and faithfulness, maintaining love to thousands, and forgiving wickedness, rebellion and sin. Yet he does not leave the guilty unpunished; he punish­es the children and their children for the sin of the fathers to the third and fourth generation."

 

GOD RENEWS COVENANT. ex. 34:8-10

 Moses bowed to the ground at once and worshiped. "O Lord, if I have found favor in your eyes," he said, "then let the Lord go with us. Although this is a stiff-necked people, forgive our wickedness and our sin, and take us as your inheritance."

Then the lord said: "I am making a covenant with you. Before all your people I will do wonders never before done in any nation in all the world. The people you live among will see how awesome is the work that I, the lord, will do for you.

 

WARNING AGAINST TREATIES. ex. 34:11-16

 Obey what I command you today. I will drive out before you the Amorites, Canaanites, Hittites, Perizzites, Hivites and Jebusites. Be careful not to make a treaty with those who live in the land where you are going, or they will be a snare among you. Break down their altars, smash their sacred stones and cut down their Asherah poles.'1 Do not worship any other god, for the lord, whose name is Jealous, is a jealous God.

"Be careful not to make a treaty with those who live in the land; for when they prostitute themselves to their gods and sacrifice to them, they will invite you and you will eat their sacrifices. And when you choose some of their daughters as wives for your sons and those daughters pros­titute themselves to their gods, they will lead your sons to do the same.

SECOND TABLETS WRITTEN. ex. 34:27,28

 Then the lord said to Moses, "Write down these words, for in accordance with these words I have made a covenant with you and with Israel." Moses was there with the lord forty days and forty nights without eating bread or drinking water. And he wrote on the tablets the words of the covenant—the Ten Commandments.

 

MOSES VEILS HIS FACE. ex. 34:29-35

When Moses came down from Mount Sinai with the two tablets of the Testimony in his hands, he was not aware that his face was radiant because he had spoken with the lord. When Aaron and all the Israelites saw Moses, his face was radiant, and they were afraid to come near him. But Moses called to them; so Aaron and all the leaders of the community came back to him, and he spoke to them. Afterward all the Israelites came near him, and he gave them all the commands the lord had given him on Mount Sinai.

When Moses finished speaking to them, he put a veil over his face. But whenever he entered the lord's presence to speak with him, he removed the veil until he came out. And when he came out and told the Israelites what he had been commanded, they saw that his face was radiant. Then Moses would put the veil back over his face until he went in to speak with the lord.